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Ecuadorโ€™s war on gangs has been in the making for years. But it became official in January 2024, when President Daniel Noboa declared a state of internal armed conflict following a series of seemingly coordinated gang riots and attacks on security forces.

Ecuador’s role as a cocaine highway continues to fuel the growth of gangs that have become a massive security threat. So far, the governmentโ€™s militarized response lacks a clear exit strategy, and reports of human right abuses by security forces have started coming to light.

In this special series, InSight Crime tracks Noboa’s war on gangs and its effects on organized crime.

Criminal Profiles

Choneros

The Choneros is one of Ecuadorโ€™s most prominent criminal groups, which first emerged in the late 1990s as a drug trafficking organization based in the city of Chone, a beach town on Ecuadorโ€™s western province of Manabรญ.

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Criminal Profiles

Lobos

The Lobos have emerged as Ecuadorโ€™s strongest criminal group, with over 8,000 members spread throughout Ecuadorโ€™s prisons and along major drug trafficking routes. The group has been involved in several devastating prison massacres in the country, which have killed close to 500 people since 2021.

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Criminal Profiles

Lagartos

Made up of multiple smaller gangs with common allies and enemies, the Lagartos are one of Ecuadorโ€™s prolific prison gangs, whose rivalry with the Choneros has spurned unprecedented levels of violence in Ecuadorโ€™s streets and penitentiary system.

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